### **1. Requirements:**
• USB drive - 4 GB or more. The minimum size depends on the OS.
• ISO image file of the operating system one intends to install.
A utility to burn the ISO onto the USB drive, such as Rufus for Windows, or dd for Linux.
### **2. For Windows: Using Rufus**
#### Steps:
1. **Download Rufus**: Download the utility from the [Rufus website](https://rufus.ie).
2. **Insert the USB drive**: Insert your USB drive into the computer.
3. **Fire up Rufus**:
- It will automatically detect your USB drive.
4. **Select the ISO file**:
- In the "Boot selection" dropdown menu select "Disk or ISO image."
- Click the "Select" button, then find the OS ISO file.
5. **Partition scheme**:
- For modern PCs during the installation, select GPT for UEFI. If your computer is older, go with MBR for BIOS.
6. **Begin the process**:
- Click "Start."
- Rufus will format your USB drive and write the ISO to it.
7. **Boot from the USB**:
- Once it is done you can reboot your computer and boot from the USB by selecting it in the BIOS boot menu.
### **3. For macOS: Using Terminal**
#### Steps:
1. **Download the macOS ISO or DMG file** - or a Linux ISO, if you're creating a Linux bootable USB.
2. **Open Terminal**:
- Using Spotlight, search for "Terminal."
3. **Identify your USB drive**:
- Run `diskutil list` and note the identifier of the USB drive, for example `/dev/disk2`.
4. **Create a USB drive**:
- Run this command, replacing `/dev/diskX` with your USB drive identifier:
```bash
diskutil eraseDisk MS-DOS "USB" MBR /dev/diskX
```
5. **Write the ISO to the USB**:
* Create the USB with `dd`. Replace `path-to.iso` with the path to your ISO file.
```
sudo dd if=path-to.iso of=/dev/diskX bs=1m
```
* Let it finish-it may take a little while.
6. **Boot from the USB**:
- Restart your Mac and immediately hold the key `Option` during startup; select the USB drive to boot.
### **4. For Linux: Using Terminal**
#### Steps:
1. **Download the ISO file** for the operating system.
2. **Locate the USB drive**:
- Insert the USB and run `lsblk` or `fdisk -l` to locate its name, for example `/dev/sdX`.
3. **Unmount the USB drive**:
- Replace `/dev/sdX1` with the name of your partition in the following command: # ```
sudo umount /dev/sdX1
```
4. **Write the ISO to the USB:**
- Write the image to USB via the `dd` command, replace the argument listing with your `path-to.iso` and `/dev/sdX:` # ```
sudo dd if=path-to.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress
reductions
5. **Eject the USB drive**:
```
sudo eject /dev/sdX
```
6. **Boot from the USB**:
* Restart your computer and then boot from the USB by selecting it in the BIOS boot menu.
---
### **Tips:**
- **Backup data**: Creating a bootable device will erase all data on the USB so make sure to backup your important files.
Check BIOS settings: Most systems require the ability to boot from USB must be enabled in the BIOS/UEFI settings.
Etcher Cross-Platform Alternative: For ease of use, one can take advantage of [Etcher ], a cross-platform application that runs on Windows, macOS, and even Linux operating systems. The application offers a very easy way of creating bootable USB drives, where users only need to select an ISO file and USB drive.
Instruct me, if you want me to stress something in the lines of a particular operating system or utility tool.
